3. Study and evaluation for different types of Sudanese crude oil properties 38 | Page Water content wt%Sample type 0.4Dar blend 3.0Fulla light 0.05Sargas 0.20Nile blend 2.8B.of fulla+staroil Table (8) sulfur content of crude oil sulfur content wt%Sample type 0.1272Dar blend 0.0813Fulla light 0.1227Sargas 0.0745Nile blend 0.0885B ...

Salt in Crude Analyser – 99700-6. The Seta Salt in Crude Analyser is a robust and portable instrument for determining the chloride (salt) content of crude oils in full conformity to ASTM D3230, IP 265 and equivalent test methods. The Seta Salt in Crude Analyser is pre-calibrated and automatically displays salt concentration measurements in g ...

Salt in crude oil is determined by titration using ASTM D6470 or by conductometric measurement with ASTM D3230. Water Content by ASTM D4347 & ASTM D4928 Crude oil that comes in contact with water carries some residual water. If the level of water in crude oil exceeds 0.1 to 0.5%, the distillation column will over pressurize.

3.1 After homogenizing the crude oil with a mixer, a 1.2 The limit of detection is 0.0002 % (m/m) for salt (as weighed aliquot is dissolved in xylene at 65°C and extracted NaCl). with specified volumes of alcohol, acetone, and water in an 1.3 The test method is applicable to nearly all of the heavier electrically heated extraction apparatus.

• The salt content varies depending on source of the crude oil. • When a mixture from many crude oil sources is processed in refinery, the salt content can vary greatly. Purpose of crude oil desalting • The purpose of desalting is to remove these undesirable impurities, especially salts and water, from the crude oil prior to distillation.

mounted in such a way that the fluid stream is directed to- 1.3.1 The charging valve and pressure gauge are. wards the fluid opening (see Figures 1-3 and 1-4) for maxi- located under the valve guard and are exposed. mum performance. by removing the valve guard. 1.3.2 …

The salt content of a crude oil consists of salts dissolved in the water, which are dispersed within the produced crude. This study has been done to find the optimum conditions for desalting and ...

of oil). e removal of salt from crude oil f or re nery feed stocks is must. is is particularly true if the salt content exceeds the limit o f 20 PTB. e most economical place for the desalting p ...

Outlet salt content, ppm 4-8 - PTB - 2-4 19 • Crude oil passes through the cold preheat train and is then pumped to the Desalters by crude charge pumps. • The recycled water from the desalters is injected in the crude oil containing sediments and produced salty water.

A four-train, two-stage desalting system operating in direct-distribution mode was installed in the Middle East to process a 27 API gravity crude. The crude inlet salt content was 460 parts per millions (ppm), and the BS&W was up to 2.5 vol%. After the operation of the unit was stabilized, samples of the undesalted and desalted oil were collected.

The salt content is marked on the ordinate (x-axis) while the mA- values are taken down on the abscissa (y-axis). Following steps have to be completed in order to determine unknown crude oil: 4.1 Calibration. CAUTION. A calibration curve is recorded according to the standard (ASTM D 3230 or IP 265/70).

Where: Si = Salt content of crude oil charge, ptb of NaCl So = Salt content of desalted oil, ptb of NaCl Sw = Salt content of wash water, ptb of NaCl Wi = Water content of crude oil charge, vol% Wo = Water content of desalted oil, vol% Ww = Wash water rate, vol% of crude oil charge rate Notes: (1) Ww includes recycle water, if any. (2)

13 More important than water content to a refiner is the salt content of the oil. Desalting removes both salt and the residual free water. Clean dilution or wash water is injected into the crude oil to dilute the brine to a level where the target salt content can be achieved by the downstream dehydration unit.

Episode 247 - May 7 2012: How micro-submarines could help scrub away oil spills. Why scientists are digging deep to find out more about potentially harmful microbes lurking in sand. How differences in the salt content of rivers and the oceans could help produce a new and sustain de ACS Science Elements

Sarir Crude Oil. Evaluation of Sarir Crude Oil This assay is a part of a series of crude oil evaluation reports have been prepared for Crude oil marketing department of National Oil Corporation. A bout 60 Liters of Crude oil sample was collected from Sirt oil Company.

5.2 Excessive chloride left in the crude oil frequently results in higher corrosion rates in refining units and also has detrimental effects on catalysts used in these units. 5.3 This test method provides a rapid and convenient means of determining the approximate content of chlorides in crude oil and is useful to crude oil processors.

Produced Water Not Detected; only salt content is measured. PRO01198 – CRUDE OIL TREATMENT - Separation OIL, BSW and GOR EVOLUTION WITH TIME. Production 106 m3 / an difficulty to design separation equipment 3. OIL. 2 BSW GOR % 30 300

These hydrocarbons • Affect the flow behaviour of crude • Affect the product quality of gas oil, VGO and asphalt • Lube manufacture is also dependent on wax content of the crude. 5. SALT CONTENT Mainly chlorides and sulphates of Na, K, Ca, Mg is a measure of contamination in crude that will cause overhead corrosion or fouling up of ...

5. •Halides give off halogens during hydrolysis or thermal decomposition •Pollution,ash etc. are contributed by metals •Quality of crude oil are always debased •May cause coke formation 5. 6. Harmful effects 6 •In oil fired gas turbine, metals mainly vanadium lead to ash deposition on turbine rotors •Causes corrosion. 7.

A salt content higher than 10 lb/1,000 barrels (expressed as NaCl) requires desalting. Sulfur Content Pour Point The pour point of a crude oil or product is the lowest temperature at which an oil is observed to flow under the conditions of the test. Pour point data indicates the amount of long-chain paraffins (petroleum wax) found in a crude oil.

Crude Oil Assay Slate - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. O Scribd é o maior site social de leitura e publicação do mundo. Abrir menu de navegação

Crude density is measured by API gravity - API gravity provides a relative measure of crude-The higher the API number, the lighter the crude Crude sulfur content is measured as a percentage - Less than 0.7% sulfur content = sweet - Greater than 0.7% sulfur content = sour Industry Outlook India imports 82% of its oil needs and aims to bring that ...

The total salt content by tops of the columns as well as in overhead and weight can vary from less than three pounds per reflux piping and overhead condensers. Some thousand barrels of crude oil (PTB) to 300 PTB or chloride salt characteristics of commonly used more.

The salt (chloride) content of crude oils is an important measurement which determines the potential for an oil to corrode equipment and pipelines. Measurements are taken along the supply line from well head to refinery and evaluation of salt content allows prompt corrective action to be taken when unacceptable salt levels are present.

ExxonMobil. Refining and Supply Company 22777 Springwoods Village Parkway, Spring, TX 77389 Whole Butane and Lt. Naphtha Hvy Kerosene Diesel 480 - Vacuum Gas BANYUR14 crude -200 Lighter -200 C5- 165F 60 Naphtha 330 - 480F 650F 480 to Oil 650 - Vacuum Residue to 1499 to 60 to 165 165 - 330F 330 to 480 650 1000F 650 1000F+ 1000 to 1499 Cut volume, % 100.0 0.1 0.5 3.9 14.8 33.6 …

Desalting Crude oil contains varying degrees of impurities like naturally occurring salts, water, solids etc. The total salt (NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2) content in crude varies from 3 to 300 ptb Wash water is employed to wash out these impurities Desalter removes the added water and most of the the inorganic salts. Nitin Raut / BPCL

Salt content (measured as sodium chloride) in electrically desalted crude oil comes down to a level of about _____ ptb (pounds per thousand barrel). A. 0.03. B. 3. C. 35. D. 70. Answer & Solution Discuss in Board Save for Later 2. Aniline point test of an oil qualitatively indicates the _____ content of an oil. ...

C2 is salt content of dilution water (in ppm) K3 is % of residual water in treated crude. Note: To convert the ppm salt content of desalted crude to PTB (Pound per Thousand Barrel) use the equation: 1 PTB = approximately 3.436 ppm After mixing, the crude / salt water mixture enters the desalter where separation occurs.

Water and steam pressure drop calculation . Two phase flow pressure drop - API equation Gas pressure drop calculation Liquid pressure drop- oil pressure drop calculation

Crude oil that contains only 1.0% water with a 15,000-ppm salt content has 55 lbm of salt per 1,000 bbl of water-free crude. The chemical composition of these salts varies, but nearly always is mostly NaCl, with lesser amounts of calcium and magnesium chloride. Salt content limits might be by either of the following:

Crude Oil Desalting. Introduction When the crude oil enters the unit, it carries with it some brine in the form of very fine water droplets emulsified in the crude oil. The salt content of the crude measured in pounds per thousand barrels (PTB) can be as high as 2000. Desalting of crude oil is an essential part of the refinery operation. The salt content should be lowered to between 5.7 and 14 ...

Fig.44 Fuel Oil #1 52 Fig.45 Fuel Oil #2 53 Fig.46 Fuel Oil #3 54 Fig.47 Fuel Oil #4 55 Fig.48 Kerosene I 56 Fig.49 Kerosene II 57 Fig.50 Fuel Oil #6 58 Other Natural Matter 59 Fig.51 Compost 59 Fig.52 Acacia Wood Sawdust 60 Fig.53 Peat 61 Summary 62 Content